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Japanese Kanji Character Editor
Žižka, Pavel ; Štancl, Vít (referee) ; Švub, Miroslav (advisor)
This work considers recognizing of Japanese Kanji characters. It discusses the question of creating strokes, characters and their recognition. Created application should serve for Kanji translation and learning. It doesn´t require any knowledge of Japanese.
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Extended Particles: Their Meaning and Use
Pivkač, Petr ; Kanasugi, Petra (advisor) ; Weber, Michael (referee)
The objective of this thesis is to explore the morphological, syntactic and particularly semantic features of expressions of the Japanese grammar, called extended particles. This research work is, in practice, carried out both in general, when there is examined the whole grammatical category of the extended particles and specifically, when there is examined a small group of semantically similar extended particles. This group includes the extended particles wo moto ni shite, ni motozuite and ni sotte, meaning they express basis for a particular action. Based on an expert literature and analysis of authentic language materials these extended particles are examined primarily for differences in their meanings. In addition to research and specification of such differences for each individual extended particle there is also determined its primary and secondary use. In the conclusion, there is a summary of the specifics of the grammatical category of the extended particles that is thereto complemented by a contemplation of the relationship of the extended particles with the process of grammaticalization. Keywords: extended particle, fukugōjoshi, particle, Japanese, grammaticalization.
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The Development of the Form -m.u to Forms -ó/ -jó and daró as an Example of Grammaticalization and Subjectification
Kanasugi, Petra ; Švarcová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Fiala, Karel (referee) ; Barešová, Ivona (referee)
The thesis is a continuation of studies of Japanese modality, however its theme is not defined based on a particular kind of modality as is commonly done in synchronic studies but based on completely or to a degree shared common origin of the studied forms. Usage and properties of Early Middle Japanese -m.u are compared with usage and properties of Modern Japanese {-ō /-jō} a darō, schematic meanings of respective forms are suggested and grammaticalization and subjectification shifts which have taken place during approximately one thousand years of development are mapped. The results of the analysis show that subjectification has taken place and that the main impuls leading to the subjectification changes was grammaticalization of suffix -m.u to ending {-ō /-jō} respectively to particle (in Narrog (1998) terms) darō, which lead to split of one schematic meanings "inclination" in general control cycle (Langacker 2002, 2009) to two separate schematic meanings "inclination" in factual respectively epistemic control cycle. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Use of first person pronouns in Japanese: the case of junior and senior high school students in Ishikawa prefecture
Minxová, Pavla ; Kanasugi, Petra (advisor) ; Labus, David (referee)
First-person pronouns in Japanese represent an often discussed topic, especially in the field of sociolinguistics. A great amount of new papers study in detail language behaviour of specific population groups. However, general understanding of these pronominal forms is still based on stereotypical structures. These structures are not valid for non- representative demographic groups which nonetheless represent a big part of the population. The first part of the thesis introduces the reader into the problematics of first- person pronouns in Japanese and presents the results of previous relevant research. That is to a certain point used to interpret the results of the research presented in the second part. The goal of this thesis is to discover what first-person pronouns students of junior high and senior high schools in Ishikawa prefecture use to refer to themselves in different situations. It is further researched what first-person pronouns are considered by the target group as suitable for men and women of different age groups. These "suitable" expressions for the age group of focus are then compared to the expressions they actually use. Key words Japanese, first-person pronouns, language varieties, Ishikawa prefecture
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Register defining character of a Jovial Osakan in contemporary Japanase novels and their Czech translations
Vrbovský, Matej ; Kanasugi, Petra (advisor) ; Weber, Michael (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to address the issue regarding successful translation of yakuwarigo, Japanese character defining register, to Czech language. This study is based on the assumption that yakuwarigo used to describe the literary character of a "jovial Osakan" is derived from an existing regional variation of Japanese language, namely the Kansai region dialect, and that the specific traits it refers to are based on historical and cultural facts of the said region. In this aspect the role defining register of "Osakan" is superimposing with the notion of social deixis, interpreted in a broader sense. This overlap thus enables to pursue the issue with the help of literature regarding translation of dialects. This thesis treats translation from a descriptive standpoint and evaluates the successfulness of existing Czech translations, defined here as the extent of transmission of comparable non-language information (i.e. social deictic meaning) present in the source language original to target language translation, by the means of an public inquiry. The final results of this thesis should be able to provide instrumental information and used as a reference in the selection process of a suitable translation strategy in the case of translating a Japanese character defining language means into Czech...
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Semantic Scope and Use of Numeric Characters in Japanese Four Character Compounds "Yojijukugo"
Sláčík, Antonín ; Kanasugi, Petra (advisor) ; Weber, Michael (referee)
In research I focus on architecture of japanese four character compound "yojijukugo". By various constelations of two main types of characters are yojijukugo able to express more informations than just sum of characters which it contains. This ability might be the key to discover new way of information transfer which, in my opinion, might be beneficial in a world of IT. At first i focus on problematic definition of yojijukugo term itself. Problematics of idiomatic and nonidiomatic yojijukugo division and summarize previous research in the field. In research itself I divide yojijukugo components into two main types of characters. Characters of Quality and Substance. Using them i define specific syntax for each one of five constelations. I defined those five basic constelations: Equivalent, Comparative, Neutral, Dynamic and Static. Functions of characters in constelations are shown and described on examples. In the end i summarize the results of research and reveal the narrative mechanism inside yojijukugo four character compounds as well as think about ways of possible implementation in IT.
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Compound and Extended Final Particles
Libich, Jan ; Kanasugi, Petra (advisor) ; Tirala, Martin (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to explore the morphological, syntactic, and particularly the semantic properties of specific expressions of the Japanese grammar called compound and extended sentence ending particles. The purpose of the research is to answer the question of which combinations of sentence ending particles exist in contemporary Japanese, what are the meanings of these combinations and how they can be translated into Czech. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part deals with the theoretical level, where sentence ending particles are examined in general and an overview of simple sentence ending particles is presented. In the second part, based on available academic literature and analysis of authentic language material, compound and extended sentence ending particles are examined, especially their meanings. Compound sentence ending particles kana, noka, yone and extended sentence ending particles monoka and janaika are analyzed. The conclusion of the thesis contains a summary of the specific features of the grammatical categories of compound and extended sentence ending particles. Keywords: Japanese, final particles, compound particles, modality.
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Expressivity - ways and means of its expression in Japanese
Reichlová, Anna-Marie ; Kanasugi, Petra (advisor) ; Tirala, Martin (referee)
The present thesis is focused on what linguist Anna Wierzbicka defined as the characteristic features of Japanese language in relation to expressing emotions verbally, which is the essence of expressivity. The research is based on a Japanese speakers' conversations corpus created for the purposes of this thesis and which takes into account factors such as age, social status, gender and various circumstances in which the dialogues are taking place. The thesis examines the area of rather negative emotions. The primary aim of the thesis is to verify the assumptions made by Wierzbicka on the characteristics of Japanese using language analysis of the corpus, and adjust her findings as the case may be. In addition, the thesis will investigate and summarize the most prominent language strategies and means used in expressive communication by Japanese speakers and to determine possible socio-linguistic or cultural factors involved.
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Japanese Dialects: Intercomparison and Historical Development
Abbasov, Dmitry ; Tirala, Martin (advisor) ; Kanasugi, Petra (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to provide synchronic and diachronic overview of dialects of the Japanese language spoken on the four main islands of Japan. First, the thesis defines the term 'dialect' and then gives a short overview of the history of dialectology in Japan. The third chapter is the core of the thesis-description of Japanese dialects since the 20th century-and it uses the classification by the founder of the Japanese dialectology, Tōjō Misao, to separate the dialects into groups. After pinpointing of some of the dialect features, especially phonetic and grammatical ones, and a short description of their present state, there follows an excursus into the development of Japanese language policy in the 20th century and its impact on the status of dialects in Japanese society. The conclusion summarizes today's tendencies in the language development in individual regions of Japan. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Comparison of Intercultural Competence of Czech and Japanese University Students.
Škrábová, Michala ; Šulová, Lenka (advisor) ; Soukup, Václav (referee) ; Bahbouh, Radvan (referee)
Theoretical part of this Ph.D. thesis deals with the latest findings about intercultural communication and with important intercultural theories focused on two examined countries: the Czech Republic and Japan. It compares Czech and Japanese ways of thinking and behaviors using theory of cultural standards. An overview of current intercultural competence theories is followed by a description of specifics of intercultural competence and of possible ways of developing it. The theoretical part of the thesis is concluded by an overview of benefits and risks of intercultural research in general. The empirical part of the thesis compares intercultural competence of Czech and Japanese university students. The main aim of the study is to construct a questionnaire of intercultural competence, to design an observed situation measuring intercultural competence and to determinate a relationship between components of the questionnaire and the observation criteria. Next aims of the study are to determine differences in intercultural competence of Czech and Japanese university students, to compare them and to find out whether these differences can be explained by the components of the questionnaire. We were interested to what extent is the intercultural competence related to intracultural competence and whether...
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